Hardware hard disk

Download a and burn a live cd a linux distribution, Ubuntu for example.
Boot the linux distribution and check if linux recognize it. From here you can determine if its a hardware or software issue. You can then proceed accordingly.
 
Ensure correct drivers are installed
Have you done any type of update to bios or changed settings?
If you know what your doing Boot into bios find and disable "secure boot"
 
Is it detected in the BIOS/UEFI?

If it is; grab the diagnostic tools for the manufacturer of the drive, and put it through a SMART test.

If it's not; make sure the SATA and power leads are connected, reseating if necessary. If that doesn't work try swapping the data lead for a known good one. You could try the drive in an alternative machine too, just to rule out a failing PSU and SATA controller.
 
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